Diabetes mellitus - how come?

Diabetes
Etiology and pathogenesis. Sugar disease - a frequent chronic disease. In Ukraine, about 1-1,5% of the population suffer from diabetes mellitus with varying degrees of severity. With age, the disease becomes more frequent and reaches a maximum at the 5 th and 6 th decade of life. Early diagnosis and proper diet and medications can significantly extend the life of the sick, protect them from frequent and severe complications caused by diabetes and reduce disability.
The main cause of rising blood sugar levels in diabetes is to reduce the number of effective insulin, which may be caused by blockage or inactivation of insulin, reducing its clearance from the pancreas into the blood or its reduction products. Diminishes absorption of blood sugar muscle cells, adipose tissue and liver. In the developed clinical picture is a significant loss of glucose output in the urine and osmotic diuresis as a result of a sharp rise in blood sugar. Increased food intake can not compensate for the caloric needs of the organism that causes the splitting of its own fat and protein in order to improve neoglyukogeneza. This leads to a negative nitrogen balance and mobilizes excessive amounts of fat from the periphery. The liver is unable to process arriving at her fat. Comes hyperlipoproteinaemia. As a result, a significant increase in lipid catabolism overloaded liver produces increased amounts of ketone acids. Peripheral tissues are not able to utilize the entire amount of keto acids. Comes acidosis and in the absence of adequate treatment - death.
Clinical picture. Diabetes occurs in various forms. In the so-called latent diabetes, or diabetes, the concentration of insulin in the blood increased, offset by lower than its effect in the tissues. In diabetes in adulthood with obesity amount of insulin in the blood of normal, with the reception of glucose leads to delayed insulin secretion, which lasts longer than in healthy individuals. If mainly advanced diabetes in young persons seen gipoinsulemiya, due to the fact that, due to the depletion of P-cells of the pancreas after administration of glucose levels of insulin in the blood serum is not increased. Start of diabetes can be expressed with different symptoms: the presence of glycosuria during routine investigation of urine, severe ketoacidosis during acute infection, a manifestation of some of the classic symptoms (thirst, polyuria, increased appetite, nocturia, fatigue, weight loss, pruritus vulvae, the development of myopathy, paresthesia or pain in the limbs, impotence) or ¬ neniyami complications (peripheral vascular disease, infections of the skin, lungs or urinary tract).
Particular attention should be given primary or developed ketoacidosis, manifested a dimming of consciousness, coma or coma before, Kusmaulya breath, dry skin, increased pulse rate, low blood pressure, lower intraocular pressure, the smell of acetone breath.
For the diagnosis of diabetes and its complications need to conduct a series of laboratory and instrumental studies.
Treatment. It is conducted for the correction of metabolic disorders, using the insulin, observing gigienodietichesky regime and taking oral anti-diabetic funds. Need to maintain an optimal weight of patients and avoid complications.